Bed Bug Treatment
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There are few “true bugs” (Hemiptera) that require the attention of the Pest Management Professional (PMP). The two mentioned most often are the Boxelder and Chinch bug. However, another bug, an old foe, which has been spotted throughout the country and on the rise, is the Bed Bug. This insect belongs to the Cimicidae insect family in the order Hemiptera (Heteroptera).
Prior to World War II, Bed Bug infestations were common. Since the development of synthetic organic insecticides such as DDT and chlordane, Bed Bug infestations in buildings have declined significantly. In fact, in the United States, Bed Bug infestations have been exceedingly rare in the past fifty years.
Bed Bugs have New Yorkers in a frenzy these days. Advanced Pest Management Services Inc is on the front lines of this epidemic helping our fellow New Yorkers on a daily basis with a proven track record to eradicate this pest.
Bedbug inspections, treatments & extermination
It’s important to differentiate between the common Bed Bug and other cimicids:
The most frequent Bed Bug encountered in the United States is Cimex Lectularius, the common Bed Bug. However, one other Bed Bug species occasionally found in the southern United States, is Cimex Hemipterus, the tropical Bed Bug. Both of these species are oval, flat and reddish-brown. They range from one-fourth inch to five-eighths inch in length. Nymphs and adults have piercing-sucking mouthparts and are incapable of flight. However, small stubby wing remnants can be observed on the prothorax of adults.
Occasionally, PMPs will observe other Cimicids which resemble the common Bed Bug including the Bat Bug and Swallow Bug. Both of these species superficially resemble the common Bed Bug. However, their primary hosts are bats and birds and there are small but diagnostic morphological differences. Problem infestations with these bugs may occur in attics or unused chimneys. Typically, when one host is gone these bugs seek an alternative host blood meal. This is when humans are bitten. It is important to differentiate between the common Bed Bug and other Cimicids that feed on bats and birds because control efforts can be targeted at the wrong sites and infestations can continue.
Bed bug females lay between 200 to 500 eggs during their lifetime in batches of three to four eggs per day. These eggs hatch after six to 17 days. Nymphal Bed bug molt five to six times before becoming adults. Under the best conditions, the life cycle is complete in four to five weeks, but since ideal conditions are rarely found it can take four to five months. Adult Bed bug can live 10 months or more without food (blood). In one case, a female Bed Bug survived for more than 560 days without food. Nymphal Bed Bugs are known to survive for more than two months without feeding.
Bed bug tend to live in clusters similar to German Cockroaches. Adult Bed Bugs generally travel 15 to 20 feet, or less, from their harborage sites.
Common Bed Bugs feed on human blood just below the surface of the skin with their piercing-sucking mouthparts. Those bitten by a Bed Bug may develop small, white to red, hard welts at the bite site. These bites itch intensely. Bed bug have an odor that is pronounced and in severe infestations has been described as an “obnoxious sweetness”.
Bed bugs feed exclusively at night. They take approximately three to five minutes to engorge on blood. Once feeding is complete, they return to their harborage. Feeding takes place every few days and nymphs require approximately six blood meals for complete development.
Bed bug are found in all types of dwellings and transportation vehicles including singlefamily homes, apartments, public housing, hotels and motels, movie theaters, buses and trains. Within these environments, harborages include:
- Tufts, seams, and buttons on mattresses
- Box springs
- Bed frames and covers
- Couches and chairs
- Window and door moldings
- Behind wall paper and pictures
- Cracks in hardwood flooring
- Under carpet along walls
- Wall voids behind switch plates and outlets
- Luggage
Habitual harborage sites are marked by brown or black spots of dried blood on surfaces where bugs rest.
No one knows why Bed bug are becoming more common, but it seems reasonable that one or more of the following conditions are responsible:
- People are traveling more which increases the likelihood of transporting Bed Bugs from infested to uninfected areas.
- The United States is experiencing a tremendous amount of immigration from parts of the world where Bed Bug infestations are common. Some of the immigrants may bring Bed bug with them. (Just as the original North American infestations were started.)
- Reduced use of residual insecticides in buildings. Surface applications of broadspectrum residual insecticides are no longer used indoors which permits Bed Bug infestations to survive.
- Since Bed Bugs have not been common for more than 50 years, PMPs practicing today may be unfamiliar with Bed Bugs and may be missing some Bed Bug infestations.
- Ineffective treatments. PMPs unfamiliar with Bed Bugs and their biology may be using inadequate treatments. As a result, infestations survive and spread.
Inspection
Inspection for Bed Bug infestations must be thorough. Your primary tool is a flashlight. Since Bed bug are cryptic insects and spend most of their time hiding, you will need a flashlight to find them. You must move and/or disassemble some items while searching including beds, dressers, carpets and rugs.
While you inspect, be alert for a “Bed Bug smell” which has been described as an “obnoxious sweetness” or fresh, red raspberries. You should also look for accumulations of cast nymphal skins and for stains or blood spots on sheets and linens.
A common location for Bed Bug infestations is a box spring. The framework is often made of wood and contains cracks and crevices suitable for harborage. Other common areas include wall voids, behind switch plates, interior corners of bedside tables, under the edges of wall-to-wall carpeting, couches and stuffed chairs.
Habitual harborage sites are marked by brown or black spots of dried blood on surfaces where bugs rest.
